The Problems with Westphalian Nation-State System

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We all associate ourselves with various identities such as Indians, Chinese, Pakistani, Americans, Canadians, French, British and much more. Why do you think we all associate with all these more? Are there any other identities which people associate with?  The identities which I mentioned before are relatively new compared to other identities such as religion, language, caste, and various other identities. It is not to say that people never had such feelings towards nations or the state. But the idea of loyalty and love for the motherland was very important which offset various other identities. The question we are arriving at is what is the motherland, who made and how it formed.  What we refer to today as a Nation or Country refers to what we know in political science as a Nation-State. Today almost all the countries we know are categorised Nation-States and some even as State-Nations. International Relations and Political Science suggest that states are the most important a...

News Capsule for the Month of October 2024

Following are the top news for the month.  If you wish to follow and get notifications of future articles, you can sign up using the email on the left sidebar. 

Article of the month



Kerala 

  • Bike Taxis to be in Legal Status on New Motor Vehicles Act. 
  • K Surendran calls for an investigation of women's entry to Sabarimala. 
  • P V Anwar held talks with DMK and agreed to associate with the party. 
  • Kochi NH Action Council demands Clarity on Land Acquisition. 
  • GCDA launches tender on public toilets. 
  • Kerala ADGP Ajith Kumar was removed before the assembly session.
  • Kochi might lose its only double-decker bus soon as it's being sent to Trivandrum. 
  • Kerala seeks more central aid for Wayanad. 
  • R Sreelekha, former Kerala DGP joins BJP in the presence of state leaders. 
  • RSS Demands defamatory charges against remarks in the Assembly. 
  • Thripunithra Municipality unveils friendly initiatives. 
  • Actor Bala arrested over complaints by former wife. 
  • Dates were declared for Palakkad, Chelakkara, and Wayanad Bypolls.
  • Congress and BJP ask for a date change due to Kalpathy Ratholsavam. 
  • P Sarin who exited Congress is now the Left Independent candidate in Palakkad after Rahul Mamkootathil was proposed by UDF. 
  • Suresh Gopi made controversial remarks on his role in the Thrissur Pooram case.
  • CPM names Sarin in Palakkad, UR Pradeep for Chelakkara. 
  • Kochi to get a double-decker bus for Open bus tourism.
  • BJP Fields Navya Haridas Against Congress' Priyanka Gandhi in Wayanad.  
  • Comrade V S Achuthanandan celebrated his 101st birthday. 
  • CPI(M) M V Govindan pledges full support to Naveen Babu's family after his suicide.
  • Kerala govt to withdraw UAPA against Dominic Martin for blasts in Kalamassery. 
  • Kerala CM's convoy was damaged in a significant car accident. 
  • Five New Judges took oath recently in Kerala High Court. 
  • Head of Jacobite Orthodox Church Baselios Thoms I passed away. 

India 
  • BJP MLA Naik slams officials from CM’s dept over ‘corrupt practices’. 
  • The majority will become a minority unless conversion during religious congregations is stopped: Allahabad HC.
  • Kangana Ranaut's Emergency Movie release is postponed. 
  • Delhi air pollution: Supreme Court pulls up Centre, Haryana and Punjab.
  • Supreme Court stays Tamil Nadu Police action against Sadhguru's Isha Foundation
  • Ashok Tanwar back in Congress, 5 years and several parties later: 'Let bygones be bygones'.
  • The Haryana Assembly Election 2024 was held along with the completion of the Jammu and Kashmir Election 2024. 
  • Exit Polls predict a Congress victory in Haryana and an edge to the NC-INC alliance in J&K. 
  • PM Modi Flags Off Metro Line 3, Unveils Infra Projects Worth Over Rs 56,000 Crore In Maharashtra. 
  • EAM Jaishankar denies Chinese incursion in Arunachal Pradesh and asserts robust patrolling along LAC.
  • RG Kar rape-murder: Protesting junior doctors begin fast unto death. 
  • MD drug, its raw materials of Rs 1,814 cr seized from Bhopal factory: Gujarat minister. 
  • Chennai Air Show: 5 Spectators Die Due to Extreme Exhaustion During Indian Air Force's Air Show at Marina Beach in Tamil Nadu.
  • Delhi court grants bail to RJD's Lalu Prasad, Tejashwi Yadav in land-for-jobs case.
  • RSS leader makes communally charged statements against his communally charged comments. 
  • Congress loses Haryana in a shocker but alliance gains Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Omar Abdullah takes charge as J&K Chief Minister.
  • Vinesh Phogat Gives Congress Its 1st Win In Julana In 15 Years.
  • India's academic freedom dropped after the BJP took charge.  
  • Congress in Haryana alleged voter fraud and EVM fraud after the loss. 
  • PM addressed the party workers at the party HQ.
  • Meet 'Parivala Manja', a burglar who used pigeons to carry out 50 robberies in Bengaluru: Report. 
  • BJP sends 1kg Jalebi to Rahul Gandhi on Cash on Delivery. 
  • CJI D Y Chandrachud gives his farewell address. 
  • Indutrialist and Entreprenuer Ratan Tata Passed away in Mumbai. 
  • RBI Increases Transaction Limits For UPI Lite and UPI 123Pay.
  • Bengaluru Municipality Issues Fresh Guidelines For PGs For Security And Hygiene Practices.
  • NCP Ajit Pawar leader Baba Siddique shot at in Mumbai.  
  • Lawrence Bishnoi's gang claims Baba Siddique's murder. 
  • Constitutional doctrine evolves with society, and no generation can claim monopoly over it: CJI.
  • After a warning from Nihang Sikhs, the 'Kulhad Pizza' couple requests Akal Takht Sahib to decide on the turban issue. 
  • Uddhav Thackeray Admitted To Hospital.
  • TN govt declares holiday for schools, colleges in Chennai and other districts following rain alert. 
  • Delhi govt orders a complete ban on firecrackers until January 1 as air quality dips.
  • SC seeks clarity on freebies provided by political parties. 
  • Disability percentage alone can't disqualify MBBS aspirants, says SC.
  • Air India Express gets bomb threat emergency landing in Ayodhya Airport. 
  • Karnataka witnessed massive rains in the state. 
  • EC announced the schedule for Jharkhand, Maharastra and bypolls to several constituencies. 
  • Congress Not Be Part Of Omar Abdullah Cabinet, To Extend Outside Support.
  • Omar Abdullah takes oath as Jammu and Kashmir chief minister.
  • Chanting 'Jai Shri Ram' slogans in mosque doesn't hurt religious feelings, rules Karnataka High Court.
  • Collegium appoints Justice Sanjiv Khanna as the next CJI. 
  • Delhi court grants bail to AAP leader Satyendar Jain.
  • Tamil Nadu Chief Minister urges PM Modi to avoid Hindi events in non-Hindi states. 
  • J-K LG clears resolution passed by Omar-led cabinet urging Centre to restore statehood. 
  • JK CM Omar Abdullah leaves Budgam assembly seat, keeps family bastion Ganderbal. 
  • Doctor, 5 labourers killed in terror attack in J and K's Ganderbal.
  • Spanish PM Pedro Sanchez Visited Gujarat where he inaugurated the C-295 TASL Bus facility. 
  • MVA allies to contest 85 seats each in Maharashtra assembly polls, deliberations still on.
  • BJP to get lion-share in Mahayuti Alliance.
  • UP labourer injured in a terror attack in Tral area of Pulwama district.
  • Only green firecrackers should be sold in Karnataka, CM Siddaramaiah tells DCs. 
  • NCP Supremo Sharad Pawar takes charge of the situation of MVA in Maharastra. 
  • Karnataka Congress MLA sentenced to 42 years in mining scam.
  • Buy alcohol at Rs 99 in Andhra Pradesh under new liquor policy.  
  • Centre to begin census from 2025, Lok Sabha seat delimitation by 2028: Sources.
  • Actor Vijay unveils his entry into politics through a massive rally. 
  • Baba Siddique's Son Zeeshan Sidiqui joins the NCP Ajit Pawar. 
  • Everyone Who Works At Tirumala Should Be Hindu: Newly-Appointed TTD Chairman BR Naidu.
  • J&K government boycotts Foundation Day event, Lt Governor calls it 'dual character'.
  • India Celebrated Diwali on the last day of October. 
  • PM Modi celebrated celebrations with the soldiers. 
World/International

  • US President Jimmy Carter celebrated his 100th birthday.  
  • He voted for Early for Vice President Kamala Harris. 
  • Georgia prisons 'horrific and unsafe,' violate the Constitution: DOJ. 
  • Cyclone Helene creates havoc in Florida. 
  • Helene's death toll reaches 200. 
  • PM Modi, Justin Trudeau discussion at Laos wasn't 'substantive': Report. 
  • Indian FM Jaishankar visited Pakistan on October 15-16 to attend a high-level SCO meeting, the first visit as EAM. 
  • His first visit was made by an Indian Foreign Minister in almost a decade. 
  • Trump seeks to end safeguards for 27M immigrants from deportation. 
  • Biden pushes to 'jump-start' Hurricane Helene recovery. 
  • Republicans spread lies about FEMA despite voting against the same in Congress. 
  • US military strikes Houthi targets in Yemen. 
  • President Biden conducted a tour of areas damaged by Helene and Milton.
  • Florida officials bracing for the largest evacuation since 2017's Hurricane Irma.
  • India expels 6 Canadian diplomats amid tensions, orders departures in few days. 
  • PM Modi accepts President Muizzu's invitation to visit Maldives next year.
  • Canada claims it has submitted proof of Indian involvement in the killing of gang members. 
  • SCO Summit was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan. 
  • Russian court sentences US citizen to six years in prison for fighting for Ukraine, state media reports. 
  • Hurricane Milton, Florida mass exodus underway along Gulf Coast as the storm approaches.
  • Indian Government blames Justin Trudeau for sabotaging Canadian ties with India. 
  • The man arrested with guns near a Trump rally files a lawsuit. 
  • PM Modi visited Russia from October 22-23 at Putin's invitation to attend the BRICS Summit. 
  • The widow of an MPD officer delivered an emotional victim impact statement related to the Jan 6 riots.
  • North Korea sends troops to aid Russia's war in Ukraine, says Seoul and confirmed by Washington.
  • US state of Pennsylvania and NYC holds Diwali holidays. 
  • India-China completes disengagements on LAC after Modi's talks with Xi Jinping. 
US Elections 2024


  • Vice Presidential Debate between Tim Walz and J D Vance held. 
  • CBS News didn't fact-check the VP debate. 
  • Trump is in better shape now than he was against Clinton or Biden. 
  • The VP debate gives JD Vance a boost for a possible 2028 presidential run.
  • Donald Trump trails Kamala Harris in most 2024 polls. However, the margin is now smaller than he faced in his first two general elections in 2016 and 2020.
  • Elon Musk Takes Centre Stage At Donald Trump's Pennsylvania Rally; Endorses Ex-US President: 'If He Doesn't Win, This Will Be the Last Election'. 
  • Elon Musk's mother calls for duplicating Republican votes in a controversial statement. 
  • Abandon Harris Group endorses Jill Stein for President. 
  • Trump does much better in Betting Markets. 
  • Porn Industry protests Project 2025. 
  • Obama, the ‘hopey-change guy,’ tries to close the deal for Harris. 
  • 2025 to be celebrated as ASEAN-India Year of Tourism, India to contribute USD 5 million: MEA
  • Candidate Ashwin Ramaswamy takes up the fight against a fake elector of 2020 in the Georgia State Senate election.  
  • Democrats lead heavily in Blue Wall states Mail-In and Early voting. 
  • Trump holds a town hall event with Fox News. 
  • Atlanta/Fulton County DA Fani Willis is seeking the reinstatement of charges that had been tossed out.
  • JD Vance said that Trump won the 2020 elections multiple times. 
  • Kamala Harris appeared in the interview with Fox News. 
  • Activists who viewed the 2020 election as stolen have created a nationwide 'integrity' system. The message: this election is a battle between good and evil claims activists. 
  • Trump spends some time working in McDonalds making fries and selling to a handful of customers.
  • Central Park Five sued Trump for his statements during the Debate. 
  • VP Kamala Harris appears on CNN Town Hall which Trump Campaign had turned down. 
  • Trump was slammed for his comments praising and invoking Hitler often. 
  • Less than two weeks out from Election Day, a New York Times and Siena College poll shows Donald Trump and Kamala Harris are neck and neck in the race.
  • Chinese hackers attacked US candidates and staff in a cyber attack. 
  • President Biden apologises for Native American boarding school atrocities.
  • Donald Trump appears on the Joe Rogan Podcast as part of his campaign strategy. 
  • Washington Post and Los Angeles Times have decided not to endorse any candidates this time. 
  • Harris has regained a slight lead with likely voters nationally, the poll finds.
  • Harris and Trump locked in close races in Arizona and Nevada as a pool of persuadable voters shrinks. 
  • Trump holds a massive rally in Madison Square Garden in NYC.
  • A comedian who attended the event had called Puerto Rico the Island of Garbage in Trump's closing. 
  • Harris holds massive 75,000 rallies in Washington D.C. 
  • Philadelphia DA to investigate Elon Musk's $1M Check to Voters. 
Israel-Palestine and the Middle East
  • The US sends about 100 troops to operate the anti-missile system in Israel.
  • The US helps shoot down missiles in the Iranian barrage against Israel. 
  • Iran fired a barrage of missiles targeting Israeli cities. 
  • 29 killed in latest Israeli bombardment in Gaza; UN peacekeepers in Lebanon hit again. 
  • 6 killed as Israel strikes health centre in Beirut, second attack near the Lebanese parliament.
  • France and the UK told the US they would not join any attack on Iran and asked Israel not to respond.
  • Trump Advises Israel To 'Hit' Iran Nuclear Facilities First, Worry Later.
  • Israel mourns the first anniversary of October 7th. 
  • Hezbollah endorses Lebanon ceasefire efforts for the first time as Israel ramps up offensive.
  • Hezbollah targets rockets at Haifa. 
  • Peacekeeping forces in Lebanon were targeted by Israel. 
  • The Israeli military says that Hamas leader Sinwar has been killed. 
  • Israel conducts 'precise strikes' on military targets in Iran, The White House defends the move which was seen as a message to the Oct 1 attacks in Israel. 
  • Israel has banned the UN agency for Palestinian refugees. 
  • Iranian military bases, which were not known to the world, were destroyed in Israel's first airstrikes on the country.  
Nobel Prizes
  • John J Hopfield and Geoffrey E Hinton received the Nobel Prize 2024 in Physics. 
  • David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John M. Jumper win in Chemistry
  • Han Kang wins the Nobel Prize in Literature. 
  • Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun won the Nobel Prize in Physiology 
  • Japanese organisation Nihon Hidankyo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 
  • Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson secured the Nobel Prize in Economics. 
Technology

  • Lucknow man kills iPhone deliveryman after opting for COD option. 
  • Sabarimala Pilgrimage 2024 is to be booked online only. 
  • Several Indian airlines were affected by Bomb threats against their flights. 
  • 'Slower Check-Ins, Longer Queues': IndiGo Issues Alert As System Slowdown Affects Services.
  • Cochin Shipyard Limited Recruitment 2024 Registration Begins, Salary Upto Rs 55,000. 
  • Ola Electric stock crashes: Customers flood social media with complaints.
  • Amul Plans to enter the European Markets. 
  • ISRO will start working on sending Indians to the Moon! Chandrayaan-4 gets approval alongside other major projects.
  • RBI Increases Transaction Limits For UPI Lite and UPI 123Pay.
  • The world's largest Cosmic Ray Observatory opened in Ladakh.
  • IRCTC updates the advance train reservation period to 60 days starting November 1, 2024. 
  • Ahmedabad woman made to undress during 'digital arrest', duped of Rs 5 lakh by 'CBI officer'.
  • Railways announced Amrit Bharat Trains.
  • UGC NET exam results released. 
  • Swiggy introduces the 'Seal' badge for food quality standards among restaurant partners. 
  • Russian Submarine docks at Kochi Naval Base. 
  • Kuwait bans 'Call of Duty: Black Ops 6' video game, likely over it featuring Saddam Hussein in the 1990s. 
  • HCL Technology announced its first delivery Centre. 
  • Elon Musk, World's Richest Man, Buys $35-Million Home for his 11 Children, their Mothers. 
  • Water Metro crossed 3.3M riders. 
  • Kochi City wins the award for most sustainable transport. 

Business and Finance


  • Palliyekkara toll plaza hikes toll rates. 
  • KSEB Employees were delayed for the first time in history. 
  • One Vada Pav seller earns Rs 24 lakhs annually.
  • Saudi Arabia raised its price for buyers in Asia.
  • Karnataka cabinet to review report on ₹7000 crore COVID-19 procurement irregularities.
  • Amid rising complaints, KSRTC drivers are taking over SWIFT bus operations.
  • Noel Tata was appointed as Chairman of Tata Trusts.
  • Boeing To Cut 10% Of Workforce As It Sees Big Q3 Loss. 
  • China’s finance minister says there is room for more economic stimulus but offers no plan. (Last news)
  • Elon Musk donated $75M to America PAC to elect Trump.
  • Mike Bloomberg donated $50M to the Harris Campaign. 
  • Kerala's revenue is up by 13.79 per cent, spending down by 2.89 per cent.
  • Hyundai successfully conducts its release of IPO. 
  • Waree Energies IPO was allotted successfully. 
  • Nandini introduced Idli and Dosa batter for its Bangalore Market. 
  • Lulu Group released its IPO for the Abu Dhabi market. 
  • Hyundai Motor India makes disappointing debut, lists at 1.3% discount on NSE. 
  • Softy Ice Cream Not A Milk Product, to carry 18% tax: GST Authority. 
  • Pledging wife's gold ornaments without consent a criminal breach of trust: Kerala HC.
  • Nvidia overtakes Apple as the world's most valuable company. 
  • Washington Post sees record cancellation of subscriptions for not endorsing Kamala Harris. 
  • CM Yogi faced backlash for distributing checks worth Rs 300 to students. 
  • The Department of Transportation's new refund rules for delayed and cancelled flights are now fully in effect.
Sports 
  • Mumbai ends 27 years-long wait for lifts Irani Cup.
  • New Zealand secures 2-0 lead against India in a three-match test series. 
  • Rohit Sharma Becomes First Indian Captain Since MS Dhoni To Lose Test Series at Home. 
  • 'Many Thanks to All': Rafael Nadal to Retire After Davis Cup Final in November. 
  • India Crash Out of ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024; missed out on Semi-Final Spot to New Zealand. 
  • New Zealand crowned Champions in the ICC Women's T20 World Cup. 
  • Pakistan Hit a New Low, Become First-ever Team to Lose a Test by an Innings After Scoring 500-Plus in 1st Innings.
  • FC Barcelona secured a massive victory against Bayern Munich in the Champions League. (4-1)
  • FC Barcelona won against Real Madrid in the La Liga. (4-0)

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