The Problems with Westphalian Nation-State System

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We all associate ourselves with various identities such as Indians, Chinese, Pakistani, Americans, Canadians, French, British and much more. Why do you think we all associate with all these more? Are there any other identities which people associate with?  The identities which I mentioned before are relatively new compared to other identities such as religion, language, caste, and various other identities. It is not to say that people never had such feelings towards nations or the state. But the idea of loyalty and love for the motherland was very important which offset various other identities. The question we are arriving at is what is the motherland, who made and how it formed.  What we refer to today as a Nation or Country refers to what we know in political science as a Nation-State. Today almost all the countries we know are categorised Nation-States and some even as State-Nations. International Relations and Political Science suggest that states are the most important a...

Ten Myths on US Elections 2024 Debunked

The US Elections 2024 is at the doorstep and when you read this, its likely that voting would have been completed. Here are a few floating myths and their Mythbusters on this election, past elections, the current administration and the two candidates. Journal of Knowledge has taken time to dismiss those and present you with the facts. 



1. The 2020 US Election was stolen through Widespread voter fraud. 

There is no evidence of widespread vote fraud presented anywhere. Trump and his party members even though they claimed rigging, stealing and voter fraud; didn't even get a single court case in their favour which indicates the same. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) called the 2020 election “the most secure in American history”. 

2. Trump is connected to Project 2025. 

Project 2025 has been the most talked about policy topic. Democrats have claimed that Trump is directly involved in the same. Project 2025 has been created by the Heritage Foundation which has been quite close to the Republican Party and several people who have worked in Trump's Office have worked on the same. But to this day there is no evidence that implicates Trump directly to the same. Similarly, Trump denounces the same altogether and has largely not spoken much about it. 

3. Inflation is high now. Groceries are expensive and their prices aren't down. 

The inflation number is now at its lowest since 2021. Inflation is not a phenomenon caused directly by the President but rather by a mix of internal and external factors of a country such as printing money, supply issues, rising demand and much more. The gas and oil prices have reached record lows in the past three years as the market prices have come down. The companies that control the price of groceries and other day-to-day items have increased the same during the early 2022 period and have continued to keep the prices at the same level despite inflation having come down. The president doesn't control the prices of Groceries. The prices of commodities will come down only in the case of deflation. Given how good the economy is doing, there is no sign of deflation. Hence, there is no decrease in prices. There is no clear-cut clarity on how both candidates have their policy on bringing down grocery prices. 

4. Crimes are higher in the Biden Regime. 

The overall crime numbers in the US are coming down and they have been so for some time now under the current administration. Most of the violent crime has only come down under the current administration. However that itself doesn't contradict the fact that Presidents directly are involved in increasing and decreasing crimes. This is mainly because the majority of the aspects of law and order rests with the states.

5. Biden is against Tariffs.  

Joe Biden is believed to be more pro-free-trade and internationalist than Donald Trump ofcourse. Donald Trump in his first term had imposed several tariffs mainly on China. Many experts believed that Biden would undo them, although surprisingly, he retained most of Trump's tariffs. This was one of the reasons why things were quite more expensive under Biden. Hence, the idea of Biden being so anti-Tarrif is not fully true. 

6. Kamala is not elected but rather appointed 

It is true that Kamala Harris herself hasn't contested primaries. Although she was on the ticket with Joe Biden. The name of the ticket was Biden-Harris. So, any vote in the name of Biden can be argued as a vote in the favour of Kamala Harris as well. Hence, when Biden decided to quit, the entire delegates were free to vote and the majority of them supported Kamala Harris. No one appointed Kamala Harris, it's just that she had a better chance of being the alternate candidate as she was the Vice President and also that she was also on the ticket. 

7. Non-citizens are voting in large numbers and Democrats are allowing Illegal Immigrants to vote.

Participation in US Elections notably for Federal, State and Presidential Elections is not there for non-citizens. If at all non-citizens are caught voting, there are massive penalties and even actions such as deportation. There is no significant proof that indicates non-citizens are voting in any way to change/ affect the outcome. Additionally, Immigrants are not a single voting bloc. Latinos for example are a divided house. The Cuban Americans and Dominican Americans have backed Republicans, There are increasing reports of Indian Americans and Chinese Americans starting to vote for the Republicans in much bigger numbers than before. 

8. Kamala is in the Office already so why can't she solve any of the problems she is promising. 

Vice President Kamala Harris has been part of the administration for the past three and half years. Although she was working with the administration, she didn't have a proper platform for proposing or enforcing policies. Even as per the US Constitution, there are no specific duties assigned to the Vice President besides being the President of the US Senate and taking up duties of the President in his absence. 

9. Kamala is Black or Indian. She can't be both. She is a Marxist and a Communist. 

Donal Trump in an interview claimed that he never knew that Kamala Harris was black because she identified herself as Indian for long. This is untrue as she and the entire public are very well aware of her mixed race. Similarly, there has been a lot of chatter about Kamala Harris's political views starting from her days as a prosecutor in California, where she had a strong stance against breaking laws and prosecuting offenders. However, her entry to politics was through the progressive win of the party. From there she was considered as more left than centrist leaders like Obama, Clinton and Biden. During the 2020 Primary, she was against Fracking and in 2024 she supported Price Gouging which people cite as her communist policies. Additionally, they also take a dig at her father's record for being a Marxist Professor.  The question is, Is she Communist? The answer is no, most of her policies are by far more moderate than the Progressive wing of her party as well as no way she has diluted any of Biden's policies which are in no way Marxist or Communist in nature. 

10. The World was safer under Donald Trump.

This answer depends upon, what do you define the word safety and in what perspective you believe the world is safe or not. Both Trump and Biden argued on different world views but both of them promised "World Peace". How much can a US President or the US ensure peace and security in the world is debatable. Coming to world views,  Trump is more isolationist than Biden who is more internationalist and multilateralist. Trump came to power calling for actions against Iran and pulling out US funds from NATO. Both of them arguably do not confirm the idea of peace. Similarly in the Office, drone strikes increased, the Afghan war escalated through the dropping of the MOAB bomb, and the Yemeni crisis escalated through the direct supply of weapons to Saudi Arabia. Additionally, pulling out of the Iranian Nuclear Deal and killing of the IRGC General Qaseem Soleimani. No way all these can be argued as a peace-building process. There is no way Biden is to be blamed for Russian Aggression in Ukraine and the Hammas attack on Israel. Donald Trump's main complaint was also that Biden is not doing enough to help Israel. 

How to stay away from Myths?

Fact-check articles and information you get from anywhere mainly from social media and community circles. Don't leave a single doubt in your mind. 

References 

https://www.npr.org/2024/07/24/g-s1-12918/kamala-harris-vice-president-senator-ag-california-first

https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/7-facts-about-voting-and-myths-being-spread-about-them

https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/debunking-myth-migrant-crime-wave

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-project-2025-trump-conservative-blueprint-heritage-foundation/

https://www.cfr.org/timeline/trumps-foreign-policy-moments

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/11/02/election-day-misinformation-guide/75918858007/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/04/18/donald-trump-presidency-anti-imperialist-militarism-war/

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