The Problems with Westphalian Nation-State System

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We all associate ourselves with various identities such as Indians, Chinese, Pakistani, Americans, Canadians, French, British and much more. Why do you think we all associate with all these more? Are there any other identities which people associate with?  The identities which I mentioned before are relatively new compared to other identities such as religion, language, caste, and various other identities. It is not to say that people never had such feelings towards nations or the state. But the idea of loyalty and love for the motherland was very important which offset various other identities. The question we are arriving at is what is the motherland, who made and how it formed.  What we refer to today as a Nation or Country refers to what we know in political science as a Nation-State. Today almost all the countries we know are categorised Nation-States and some even as State-Nations. International Relations and Political Science suggest that states are the most important a...

News Capsule for the Month of November 2023

 Following are the top news for the month.  If you wish to follow and get notifications of future articles, you can sign up using the email on the left sidebar. 




Article of the month

Kerala 

  • Kerala HC appoints amicus in plea for vigilance probe into CM's daughter's financial transactions.
  • Mop Up allotment to Integrated Five Year LL.B Course Kerala.
  • Pazhayiddom Namboothiti will be present for Kerala School Kalolsavam this year as well. 
  • Muslim groups laud CM Pinarayi Vijayan's efforts to quell hate campaign amid blast tragedy. 
  • Suresh Gopi was accused of harassment by a  Journalist. 
  • 'Nobody touching, please keep away from me': Suresh Gopi tells media persons.
  • Kerala Day is celebrated with a massive seven-day Keraleeyam fest. 
  • KSU approached HC demanding reelection at Kerala Varma College. The court has asked for a recounting. 
  • IUML to attend CPM's Palestine Solidarity Rally later refuses. 
  • Thrissur diocese calls out against Suresh Gopi's statement.
  • Clamour grows for fresh faces, Congress in dilemma over three-time MPs. 
  • Biju Prabhakar was appointed the new Chairman of KTDFC; B Ashok was removed. 
  • Eat Kochi Eat food vlogger Rahul was found dead at his residence. 
  • Mani Shankar Aiyer defies Kerala Congress leadership and attends the event.  
  • UNESCO names Kozhikode ‘City of Literature'.
  • Two migrant workers were found dead with their throats slit in Kerala's Muvattupuzha. 
  • Engineer forces teen daughter to drink herbicide, she dies a week later.
  • Actor and mimicry artist Kalabhavan Haneef passes away at 61.
  • Kerala HC dismisses plea seeking stay on appointment of Sabarimala Melsanthi.
  • Kerala issued an order specifying NGT conditions to be followed while bursting firecrackers during Diwali. 
  • 2 college students killed, one critically injured after scooter falls into gorge in Kozhikode.
  • MVR event: IUML is not a party that blindly follows the instructions of others, says PMA Salam.
  • 'Judicial city’ on cards: Govt gives in-principle nod to shift Kerala HC to Kalamassery.
  • Security reasons related to ‘Nava Kerala Sadas’: Cong denied permission to hold a pro-Palestine rally.
  • Farmers demand minister Saji Cheriyan's apology over 'anti-agriculture' remark. 
  • Rahul Mankootathil is the new Youth Congress President. 
  • Yemen court rejects appeal against Nimisha Priya's death sentence.
  • Farmer dies by suicide due to inability to loan. 
  • One of Hamas's leaders got featured at a meet in the state created controversy. 
  • BJP plans for a pro-Israel rally in the state alongside church leaders.
  • It is time to shoot and kill Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu without a trial, says Indian MP Unnithan. 
  • Kochi features in Conde Nast Traveller's list of Best Places to Visit in Asia in 2024.
  • Congress and IUML leaders participate in Nava Kerala Sadas. 
  • SC criticises Kerala Governor for delaying giving assent to Bills.
  • Youth Congress faces fake ID issue.
  • KSU wins a lot of seats in the University elections across the state. 
  • A former student opens fire at Thrissur school.
  • Youth Congress is facing tough legal challenges in the fake ID issue. 
  • One dies after car overturns at Thamarassery ghat; 8 hospitalised. 
  • HC Transfers Temporary Magistrate Facing Lawyers' Protest Over Direction To Arrest Advocate. 
  • CUSAT campus sees massive stampede that killed four and injured 50.
  • A missing 6-year-old girl was abducted from Kollam and found by police.
  • Aluva Muder case convict gets death sentence. 
  • Rahul Gandhi is to arrive in Wayanad on a three-day visit. 

India 



  • Mumbai Police didn't botch Ajit Doval's Dawood execution plan: Ex-IPS officer.
  • President terminates services of Army Major posted with Strategic Forces Command unit.
  • INDIA alliance faces rebellion in 92 seats in Madhya Pradesh elections. 
  • The inclusion of Kozhikode and Gwalior in UCCN is appreciated. 
  • Bihar records highest dengue cases and deaths in 5 years.
  • MP Mahua Moitra was summoned by the Parliamentary Ethics Committee. 
  • Former MP Vivek Venkataswamy resigns from BJP, to join Congress before elections. 
  • Uppal MLA quits BRS and joins BJP ahead of Telangana polls.
  • Elections to five states- MP, Rajasthan, Mizoram, Chhatisgarh, and Telengana completed.
  • Congress leaders allege code violation by airlines in favour of PM Modi. 
  • Samajwadi Party To Contest 65 UP Lok Sabha Seats, INDIA alliance 15 as per talks. 
  • Nitish Kumar says the Congress party has stalled INDIA alliance talks. 
  • BJP revokes suspension of T Raja Singh. 
  • Karnataka BJP MLAs’ big ultimatum to party. Yeddyurappa and his family members get prominence. 
  • PM Modi is likely to carry Ram Lalla to newly built Ayodhya Ram Mandir: Report.
  • Don't want SC to be a 'Tarikh Par Tarikh Court': CJI Chandrachud.
  • Manorama-VMR Prepoll Survey is published.
  • '2024 election results will be beyond barriers': PM Modi at HTLS 2023. 
  • Demolished century-old temples in my constituency: DMK MP in now-viral speech.
  • Madhya Pradesh polls: BJP expels 35 leaders for contesting against party candidates.
  • UNESCO declares Gwalior the ‘city of music’. 
  • Elvish Yadav case: How is snake venom used as a recreational drug.
  • 'Will oppose Sanatana forever': Udhayanidhi Stalin after High Court's criticism.
  • MP: Congress Demands Narendra Singh Tomar's Resignation After His Son’s ‘Money Deal’ Video Goes Viral.
  • Chhattisgarh assembly polls: CRPF commando injured in blast during first phase of voting.
  • All divisional commissioners’ offices were abolished in Assam. 
  • Bhutan King’s India visit: Recalling Operation All Clear, which Bhutan launched against Assam’s insurgent groups
  • UGC announces regulations for the establishment and operation of campuses by foreign universities in India. 
  • BBMP demolishes street shops in Jayanagar footpath in Bangalore. 
  • Parliament's Winter session is likely to commence in the second week of December. 
  • BJP leader Sandananda Gowda retires from electoral politics. 
  • US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin and Secretary of State Anthony Blinken were in India for a '2+2' ministerial dialogue. 
  • BRS and Congress workers clashed in Hyderabad.
  • Delhi NCR received light rain and witnessed sudden weather changes on Dhanteras as a sigh of relief.
  • JNU bans Onam celebration on campus.
  • Houseboats catch fire on a lake popular with tourists, killing 3 in Kashmir.
  • Rahul Gandhi meets his cousin Varun Gandhi.
  • BJP promises free Ayodya Darshan for everyone in poll states.
  • Purnesh Modi, BJP MLA who sued Rahul Gandhi for defamation, gets big post. 
  • Chandrababu Naidu Gets Regular Bail in Skill Development Scam.
  • 2 dead, 10 injured as wall of under-construction stadium collapses in Telangana.
  • Man Threatens To Blow PM Narendra Modi, Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath on Alleged Orders of Dawood Ibrahim Gang. 
  • Trouble in Karnataka BJP as senior leaders revolt over Yediyurappa’s continuing grip. 
  • Fake voter ID cards given to workers ahead of Youth Congress poll say police.
  • Kalakote Encounter: 4 Indian Army personnel killed in J&K's Rajouri.
  • Kerala police, on election duty in North India, lose a pistol, and pellets during train journey.
  • Congress party to hold classes highlighting rich legacy.
  • Fathima Beevi, 96, the first female judge of SC, passes away.
  • Exit polls for 5 states election out. 
  • Rahul Gandhi gets Election Commission's notice over objectionable remarks on PM Modi.
  • Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot heaps praise on CPM government in Kerala.
  • 7 Punjab Policemen Suspended Over PM Modi's Security Breach.
  • PM Modi holds a 166 km mega roadshow in Hyderabad.
  • Rescuers successfully drilled trapped men in a Himalayan tunnel in a breakthrough for a perilous operation. 
  • Uttarakhand tunnel rescue operation: All 41 workers evacuated safely. Meets CM and PM. 

World/International


  • Pres. Biden announces outreach to rural voters. 
  • Democrat governor of Kentucky Andy Beasher is reflected alongside the Republican governor of Mississippi of 
  • Ohio ballot wins Constitutional Ammendent in both Abortion and Mariuana. 
  • New York City Mayor Eric Adams accuses Texas Gov. Greg Abbott of targeting Black-run cities with migrant buses.
  • Pakistan started deporting Afghan refugees. 
  • ‘There is no school for girls’: Afghans who fled to Pakistan sent back to a homeland that is foreign to many.
  • US Intelligence says Russia is providing weapons to Hezbollah. 
  • White House announces strategy to tackle Islamophobia. 
  • U.S., EU Reported To Have Discussed With Ukraine Possible Peace Talks With Russia.
  • 8 Indian Navy veterans sentenced to death in Qatar.
  • Secretary of State Anthony Blinken was in Ankara, 
  • Massive earthquakes took place in Nepal. 
  • Turkish police tear gas pro-Palestinian protesters at an air base used by US forces.
  • US Supreme Court likely to preserve gun law protecting domestic violence victims.
  • Philadelphia gets its first female Mayor. 
  • 'Hatred will never ever win': Schwarzenegger addresses antisemitism.
  • Russia is the "main beneficiary" of the Israel-Hamas war, says an Israeli journalist. 
  • Rhode Island gets its first black Congressman. 
  • Ukraine's commander-in-chief was killed by a grenade given to him as a birthday gift by his 'best friend'.
  • Democrats continue to control the New Jersey legislature. 
  • Ukraine is one step closer to joining the EU. 
  • Indian American state Senator wins in closely contested seat in New Jersey.
  • Ivanka testifies at New York court in Trump fraud case. 
  • 9 Killed in US Airstrikes on Iran-Linked Site in Syria.
  • The second GOP Debate moderated by NBC News held in Miami focused on Foreign policy issues. 
  • Quad’s IPMDA a proof of our commitment to a free, open, inclusive Indo-Pacific: Navy Chief.
  • India, and Bhutan to discuss new routes of regional connectivity.
  • Hollywood actors and writers’ strike called off. 
  • Senator Joe Manchin says he won’t run for reelection from West Virginia. 
  • Biden and Xi met on the sidelines of the APEC meet in San Francisco US hopes of halting the downward spiral in relations
  • Secretary of State Anthony Blinken met Turkish President Erdogan.
  • FBI seizes phones of NYC Mayor Adams. 
  • Tim Scott pulls himself out of the Presidential race. 
  • Biden highlights PACT Act on Veteran's Day. 
  • Rishi Sunak sacks Suella Braverman who is his Home Secretary. 
  • David Cameroon returns as Foreign Secretary. 
  • Iranian leader in Saudi after a long time for OIC Summit. 
  • Schengen VISA is going paperless. 
  • Ex-congressman Myers pleads guilty in ballot stuffing case.
  • Mass visa cancellations at Saudi airport put relations with Nigeria in the spotlight. 
  • Protests gather heavily in Madrid. 
  • Spain's Pedro Sánchez wins new term as PM after amnesty deal. 
  • David DePape was found guilty in Paul Pelosi's hammer attack.
  • SC will not act on the Florida drag case.
  • International Men's Day is celebrated. 
  • Osama bin Laden’s 2002 ‘Letter to America’ is gaining traction on social media now. 
  • Rosalynn Carter, mental health activist, humanitarian and former first lady, dies at 96.
  • Haley and DeSantis still can’t solve their Trump problem as time runs short in the GOP race.
  • Outsider Populist Javier Melei wins in Argentina.
  • Over 1000 Rohingyas arrived in Aceh, Indonesia.
  • COP28 is to be held in Dubai.
  • Maldives President requested India to withdraw its troops from the island.
  • Houthi Rebels Release Video Of Hijacking India-Bound Israeli Cargo Ship In Military-Like Operation. 
  • Zoya Akhtar and Vir Das received Emmy Awards. 
  • India resumes e-visa services for Canadians after suspension in September.
  • Greet Wilders is the largest party in The Netherlands.
  • Russia Cements Ties With India’s ‘Arch Rival’ Pakistan. 
  • BRICS held an Israel-Hamas Leaders' meet.
  • Countries call for ceasefire in BRICS extraordinary meeting on Gaza but PM Modi absent. 
  • US warns India over plot to kill Sikh separatist in New York. 
  • Maldives President requested India to withdraw its troops from the island.
  • Afghanistan calls for the permanent closure of its Delhi Mission.
  • Qatar Accepts India's Appeal Against Death Penalty To 8 Navy Veterans.
  • Beijing hospitals overwhelmed with post-Covid surge in respiratory illnesses among children. 
  • Iran executes 17-year-old boy convict of murder.
  • Ukraine faces a tough challenge ahead of Winter. 
  • The US destroyer has ballistic missiles fired toward it, after responding to the attack on a commercial tanker.
  • The US charges an Indian national Nikhil Gupta in New York state in planning to assassinate Khalistani leader G S Pannun.
  • Sierra Leone declares nationwide curfew after gunmen attack military barracks in the capital. 
  • Malaysia gives visa-free travel for Indians and Chinese.
  • Sri Lanka implements free tourist visas to nationals from India and six other countries. 
  • Americans for Prosperity Action hopes they can somehow shake Trump's lead.
  • The US aircraft carrying 8 crew members crashed off the coast of Japanese Island. 
  • Rosalynn Carter's memorial service was held and is attended by top Officials and the President. 
  • Right-wing Spanish politician shot in the face in Madrid. 
  • Suspect arrested in shooting of 3 Palestinian college students in Vermont, police say. 
Israel-Palestine
  • Israel bombs Jabalya refugee camp.
  • Bolivia severs ties with Israel.
  • At least 4 killed in West Bank; Foreign passport holders enter Rafah crossing.
  • "We must teach Israel a lesson...," Hamas official vows to 'repeat' the Oct 7 attack.
  • Foreign nationals evacuated from Gaza.
  • Many Gaza residents remain trapped in the north after a short evacuation window. 
  • PM Netanyahu rejects independent Palestinian state citing religious texts. 
  • GOP plan to cut IRS funds to pay for Israel aid would increase the deficit
  • House passes $14.3 billion in Israel aid.
  • UN Official resigns due to the raging war. 
  • IDF raids parts of West Bank in a new bid. 
  • IDF chief says fuel could be allowed into Gaza for hospitals. 
  • Bahrain severs ties with Israel. 
  • UN seeks $1.2B for rebuilding Gaza. 
  • Al Jazeera Waed Al Dahdouh Family: Al Jazeera Journalist's Family, In Gaza "Safe Area", Die In Israeli Strike. 
  • Hamas putting roadblocks to stop Gazans from leaving: Israel. 
  • Thousands rally in DC over Israel-Palestine. 
  • Hezbollah launches rockets on IDF. 
  • Israel published a video that proves Hamas is hiding terror tunnels under the hospital.
  • Israel-Hamas war: UN agencies seek Gaza ceasefire; communications blackout again.
  • White House warns Israel over post-war plans for Gaza. 
  • Israel envoy's Diwali message: 'Light a diya' for hostages held by Hamas.
  • G7 leaders called for a humanitarian pause. 
  • Israel is considering closing the Hezbollah-affiliated news channel's activities
  • 130 Hamas tunnel shafts destroyed in Gaza, claims IDF; Al Quds hospital nearing shutdown amid severe fuel shortage 
  • UN votes against Israeli illegal settlements in Israel seeks to hire 1 lakh Indian migrants to replace Palestinian workers 
  • Israel seeks to hire 1 lakh Indian migrants to replace Palestinian workers.
  • Israel revised its death toll which is 200 less than the first estimate. 
  • Macron calls on Israel to stop killing Gaza's women and babies.
  • Muslim leaders blast Israeli 'crimes'; Iran: Solution is Palestine from river to sea.
  • Californian City of Richmond passes resolution in favour of Palestine. 
  • Israeli troops circle the city of Gaza.
  • Senate confirms Jack Law as the ambassador to Israel from the USA.
  • UN stopped delivery in Gaza due to the dire situation. 
  • Israel and Hamas reached a truce for a hostage exchange deal, mediated by USA, Qatar and Egypt. 
  • Israel declares LeT a terror outfit to mark the 15th anniversary of the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.
  • IDF helicopter fired at Israeli civilians fleeing a music festival during Hamas’ Oct 7 attack.
  • The truce is to be extended for two days. 
  • Egypt Says It Received 'Positive Signals' Over Extension Of Four-Day Gaza Truce.
  • Palestinian envoy visits Kerala and urges India to facilitate talks with Israel for 'Palestine state'.
    Technology


    • Indian Opposition leaders using iPhones were warned of a potential state-sponsored attack. 
    • BMCRL Officials visit China to inspect coaches for Bangalore Metro.
    • Guruvayoor RoB is inaugurated for public use. 
    • JEE syllabus revised. Chemistry portions were drastically reduced. 
    • Power tariffs revised, witness an average hike of 20 paise per unit in Tarrif. 
    • US averts shutdown in Speaker Mike Johnson's deal.
    • Kerala's longest elevated highway work gains pace. 
    • X's Blue tick system propelled fake news on the war without moderation.
    • India and UAE pen MoU to foster education connection between two countries. 
    • Buses are plied for free in Keraleeyam. 
    • Delhi’s air pollution steadily worsened since 2021.
    • Govt Issues Blocking Orders Against 22 Illegal Betting Apps Including Mahadev Book. 
    • IBM and AWS joined hands in establishing an AI centre in Bangalore. 
    • FDA approves weight loss drug from Eli Lilly that helped people lose up to 52 pounds. 
    • RIP Omegle: Users React To Website Shutting Down After 14 Years. 
    • Pollution in Delhi reaches record level in the month of Diwali.
    • Lahore briefly became the most polluted city overtaking Delhi. 
    • MVD of Kerala seizes buses, school tour to Ooty cancelled.
    • Kochi Metro's 3rd phase will take off next year. 
    • Kochi Corp to hand over 10 acres to BPCL.
    • Turkey bans Israeli products on Domestic flights.
    • Air India suspends Tel Aviv flight due to war. 
    • India to buy and upgrade Sukhoi aircraft. 
    • Part of India's Silkyara tunnel collapsed. 
    • China says it has built the largest internet network.
    • Kerala puts forth demand for nuclear power plants in the state.
    • Frozen first as Boeing 787 Dreamliner makes landing in Antarctica. 
    • NMC cuts down NEET 2024 syllabus. 
    • Robin bus in Kerala grabs the headlines in the state. 
    • Centre mum on Kerala's nuclear power plant demand despite repeated requests.
    • Sam Altman and Greg Brockman joined Microsoft to spearhead a new advanced AI research team after he was ousted.
    • Sam Altman returns to OpenAI and fires the entire board. 
    • SpaceX loses contact with Starship rocket in new test flight. 
    • Delhi Cong chief donates desks made by Rahul Gandhi, furniture market carpenters to school for specially-abled.
    • DGCA suspends its director over corruption charges. 
    • Vatican gets 40 EV vehicles from Volkswagon.
    • Thalassery Mahe bypass becomes a reality.
    • Despite criticisms from the West, the UAE’s oil chief is proving popular in the developing world.
    • Massive traffic was observed across the USA on Thanksgiving. 
    • PM Modi flies sortie in Tejas fighter jet, calls it 'enriching experience'.
    • US, Britain, and other countries have an agreement to make AI 'secure by design'.
    • Kerala govt buys Rs 1.05 Cr bus for Navakerala Sadas.
    • KSRTC Volvo bus service from Bengaluru for Sabarimala devotees starting Dec 1. 

    Business and Finance

    • IDBI Bank has taken Mumbai Metro One to the bankruptcy court.
    • 70% of rural households provided tap water connection under Jal Jeevan Mission: Official data
    • Karuvannur scam: ED files 13,000-page chargesheet.
    • Sam Bankman-Fried was found guilty of seven counts of fraud in a stunning fall for a former crypto billionaire.
    • Saudi Arabia eyes stake in $30 billion IPL: report. 
    • Gold prices expected to reach Rs 63,000 during Diwali: MOFSL Report. 
    • Brexit has weakened UK trade opportunities, Bank of England governor warns. 
    • Bhasurangan ousted from CPI amidst ED raids at Kandala coop bank.
    • Dowry system rampant in Thiruvananthapuram, says women’s commission. 
    • Aditya L1 payload HEL1OS captures the first glimpse of solar flares. 
    • 70-Hour Workweek 'Must Become The Norm': Congress Neta Backs Narayan Murthy.
    • CAT claims- More than Rs 50 thousand crore business done on Dhanteras.
    • World’s biggest bank ICBC hit by ransomware.
    • Moody’s lowers US credit rating outlook to ‘negative’.
    • Kerala Lokyakta rejects plea alleging misuse of CMDRF. 
    • PRS Oberoi, the patriarch of Oberoi Hotels, passes away.
    • Sahara Group founder Subrata Roy died at the age of 75.
    • IT workers accuse TCS of 'unethical transfer practices'; demand govt action.
    • China is willing to be a ‘partner and friend’ of the US, Xi tells American CEO. 
    • Argentina Inflation hits record high.
    • Supplyco's paddy procurement: Ensure credit scores of farmers are not affected, says Kerala HC.
    • Elon Musk was present at the meeting with Xi.
    • Congress was wary of the IUML leader's nomination to Kerala Bank's Board of Directors.
    • Conde Nast Traveller lists Kochi as one of the best places.
    • Elon Musk backs antisemitic claim; Tesla shares tumble. 
    • Former RBI Governor S. Venkitaramanan passes away at 92.
    • Kerala mid-day meal: Rs 32.34 cr unutilized by state; Centre blocks fund over incomplete data. 
    • Mid-day meal impasse: Kerala govt assures high court to clear arrears soon. 
    • FedEx chief Raj Subramaniam spotted at Xi Jinping dinner with US CEOs. 
    • UP government bans Halal Certification in the state.
    • Billionaire Bill Gates Enters Sewer In Brussels On World Toilet Day, Shares Video.
    • ED attaches assets worth Rs 751.9 crore in a money laundering probe against Cong's National Herald.
    • BBC must file revised IT returns for underreporting ₹40 cr income: CBDT official.
    • Tata Technologies IPO fully subscribed within 60 mins; QIB, NII, and retail quotas booked fully.
    • FedFina and ESAF IPOs allocated.
    • Sam Altman agrees to return to OpenAI in a bizarre reversal of fortunes. 
    • IHCL expands in Kochi with a new hotel in Aluva. 
    • Kshema Pension and KSRTC Pension funds released.
    • SEBI cuts the minimum issue size on Social Stock Exchanges by 50% to Rs 50 lakh. 
    • All-India Tourist Permit vehicles cannot operate as stage carriage: Kerala HC.
    • Elon Musk begins wartime visit to Israel.

    Sports 
    • Wankhede Stadium gets a maiden statue of Sachin.
    • Sri Lanka sacks cricket board days after World Cup thrashing.
    • ICC suspends SLC over government interference, T20 World Cup fate in limbo.
    • Asia's first Gay Games was held in Jakarta. 
    • Pakistan's selection Committee was sacked after Pakistan's poor show at World Cup 2023.
    • PM Narendra Modi attended the ICC World Cup 2023 Final.
    • Australia defeated the unbeaten Hosts India to lift the ICC WC 2023. 
    • India vs Australia final: Disney+ Hotstar sets new global live streaming record during ICC World Cup 2023. 
    • Ravindra Jadeja reveals PM Modi's special gesture after India's WC final defeat to Australia.
    • ‘Panauti’: Rahul Gandhi attributes India's World Cup loss to PM Narendra Modi's presence. 
    • ICC shifts Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup 2024 South Africa from Sri Lanka.
    • BCCI announces India squad for U19 Men's Asia Cup.
    • KBFC reaches the top of the table in ISL.
    • The India-Australia T20 Match series begins. 
    • FIFA WC qualifiers are happening with new teams trying to enter the competition. 

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