The Problems with Westphalian Nation-State System

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We all associate ourselves with various identities such as Indians, Chinese, Pakistani, Americans, Canadians, French, British and much more. Why do you think we all associate with all these more? Are there any other identities which people associate with?  The identities which I mentioned before are relatively new compared to other identities such as religion, language, caste, and various other identities. It is not to say that people never had such feelings towards nations or the state. But the idea of loyalty and love for the motherland was very important which offset various other identities. The question we are arriving at is what is the motherland, who made and how it formed.  What we refer to today as a Nation or Country refers to what we know in political science as a Nation-State. Today almost all the countries we know are categorised Nation-States and some even as State-Nations. International Relations and Political Science suggest that states are the most important a...

News Capsule for the Month of October 2023

Following are the top news for the month.  If you wish to follow and get notifications of future articles, you can sign up using the email on the left sidebar. 


Article of the month

Kerala 

  • CPI-M leader Ananthalavattom Anandan Passed away. 
  • 19th-century sketch put up online by an Israeli Prof draws attention to the dying community of Cochin Jews.
  • Kerala CM inaugurates various projects backed by CIAL- Inauguration of Cargo terminal, DigiYatra, Airport Emergency Services & Launching of T3 expansion, Golf tourism, PIDS & Aero Lounge.
  • Karuvannur Bank Fraud grabs headlines in the state. 
  • Kerala to get its first night street- Manaveeyam Veedhi.
  • Massive rains were received across the state.
  • The capital Trivandrum saw extensive waterlogging for a day. 
  • Kerala has successfully managed to mitigate the Nipah disease outbreak.
  • Multiple trains were delayed in Kerala due to Vandebharat. 
  • BJP chief, 5 others asked to appear before the court in an election bribery case.
  • Police Case Against Suresh Gopi for Protests. 
  • In a major reshuffle, Divya S Iyer is the new MD of Vizhinjam port, and 5 districts get new collectors.
  • LJD merges with RJD in Kerala. 
  • JDS state meet held. No decision yet on joining NDA.
  • Vizhinjam port: political wrangling over credit for seaport breaks out in Kerala before the govt-sponsored event to receive the ship. 
  • MEC and several IHRD Colleges implement Gender Neutral Uniforms. 
  • Kerala to hold Grand celebrations for Kerala Day. 
  • Heavy rains pound Thiruvananthapuram, flooding neighbourhoods and sending citizens scrambling for higher ground. 
  • Murder of Kochi youth in Goa: Fourth arrest recorded.
  • IUML and Samastha at loggerheads with each other. 
  • Malayalam actor Kundara Johny no more. 
  • HC intervenes, Sabarimala-bound vehicles adorned with flowers, and leaves will soon be a thing of the past. 
  • 17 passengers injured as Sabarimala-bound bus overturns in Kerala. 
  • PN Mahesh is the new Sabarimala priest. 
  • Legendary leader V S Achudanandan turns 100 years old. 
  • TDB prevents RSS activities on temple premises. 
  • Shashi Tharoor lands in soup over the IUML rally. 
  • Kerala High Court Allows CISF Personnel To Rejoin Duty After Reporting Late Due To Covid-19 Home Quarantine. 
  • Kerala Court Denies Anticipatory Bail To Man Accused Of Misbehaving With Malayalam Actress Over Window Seat In Flight.
  • Lab tests confirm 24-year-old Pala native died due to food poisoning. 
  • The attack and bomb blast in Kalamassery Convention Centre were deemed a terror attack. 
  • Dominic Martin is held responsible for the attack after he surrendered to the Police. 
  • Supplyco yet again sees a commodity shortage. 
  • Kerala CM visits convention centre, injured at Kalamassery Medical College. 
  • Cases were filed against those who spread misinformation about the attack. 

India 


  • BJP issues show cause notices against eight senior leaders. 
  • Congress government has destroyed roots of state: Top quotes of PM Modi from Rajasthan rally.
  • Khalistan Radicals Stop Indian Diplomat In UK From Entering Scotland Gurudwara. 
  • The Bihar Caste Survey has been released with 27% Backward Classes and 36% Extremely Backward Classes. 
  • RJD leader says quota will help women with ‘bob cut hair’: Why socialist parties have used ‘parkati mahilayein’ to oppose Bill.
  • Gandhi Jayanthi and Lal Bahadur Shashtri's birthdays are celebrated. 
  • 2016 Pathankot blast suspect shot dead in Pakistan. 
  • Delhi Police raids journalists associated with ‘Newsclick’ in UAPA case. Indian journalists protested against the Government's actions. 
  • Kerala CM condemns Delhi Police action against news portal NewsClick, calls it ‘fascist method’. 
  • Sikkim is facing flash foods where 22 soldiers were washed away in heavy rain. 
  • Security personnel walked 5 km carrying the injured Maoist on their shoulders to save his life. 
  • Sexual literacy programme held at six Delhi government schools. 
  • Manipur journalist bodies serve legal notice to editors' guild over reports. 
  • 10 Bajrang Dal Activists Including Women Injured in Stone-pelting in Hazaribagh.
  • School teacher orders Muslim student to slap Hindu classmate in UP's Sambhal, arrested.
  • JNU to install CCTV cameras to check on 'anti-national' graffiti.
  • Nitin Gadkari takes the Sky Bus in Sharjah.
  • NCP's Praful Patel makes confusing remarks in defection to BJP. 
  • UDF received no performance report of MPs from election strategist: KC Venugopal.
  • Sikkim flash floods: 53 killed as 27 bodies recovered from Teesta river.
  • Former BJP minister slams alliance with JD(S) in Karnataka.
  • External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar's security cover upgraded to Z category.
  • 654 suicides & 50,000 resignations in 5 years — the crisis stalking India’s CAPFs.
  • Congress- National Conference alliance sweeps Ladkh Municipal Council elections. 
  • BJP fractures on JDS alliances.
  • Elections to five states announced in India. 5 states to go to polls from Nov 7 to Nov 30; Results on Dec 3.
  • SC refers Electoral bond cases to the Constitutional Bench. 
  • Rajasthan poll date changed from November 23 to November 25 due to 'large scale weddings'.
  • Congress party takes a pro-Palestinian stance. 
  • BJP fields MPs to contest in elections. 
  • Men jailed for India 'house of horrors' murders freed. 
  • Prenups inavlid in India as per Delhi HC.
  • India’s top court stops short of legalizing same-sex marriage in landmark LGBTQ ruling. Recognises the Legislature to enact laws on the same. 
  • SC's order opens the door for a fair stipend for MBBS interns in Kerala. 
  • Elections- Ticket distribution in the states creates massive ruckus within BJP and Congress. 
  • BJP revokes suspension of MLA Raja Singh ahead of Telangana elections. 
  • Medical supplies, disaster relief materials- India sends planeload of aid to war-torn Gaza. 
  • Wagh Bakri scion Parag Desai, 49, dies after attack by street dogs. 
  • IKEA asked to pay Rs 3000 for not allowing to carry shopping bags.  
  • 10 die of heart attacks after the ”Garba” dance in India’s Gujarat during the period of Navratri. 
  • Court sends AAP MP to judicial custody till Oct 27 in Delhi excise policy case.
  • BJP MP accuses TMC's Mahua Moitra of taking cash & gifts to ask questions in Parliament.
  • Azam Khan, wife and son convicted for forgery. 
  • Manipur CM Biren Singh says weapons, drugs and cash were seized from Myanmar-based militant group CKLA. 
  • 12 Killed In Road Accident In Karnataka's Chikkaballapur, Chilling Visuals Surface. 
  • Right To Marry Person Of Choice Protected Under Constitution, Not Even Family Members Can Object: Delhi High Court. 
  • Mukhtar Ansari gets a 10-year jail term in the Gangster Act case. 
  • Can't regulate political alliance over plea to restrain parties from using acronym INDIA: EC. 
  • Maratha Quota takes a violent turn across Maharastra. 
World/International


  • New York declared a state of emergency after floods.
  • US government averted shutdown for forty-five days. 
  • Almost all of Nagorno-Karabakh's people have left as per Armenia's government. 
  • Turkey Thwarts Attack on Police Headquarters in Ankara. 
  • US, ex-President Jimmy Carter turns 99. 
  • US General Mark Miley resigns with a scathing attack against Donald Trump. 
  • Miley said he would tell the Chinese general if the US launched an attack. 
  • Maldives gets new leader Mohamed Muizzu. 
  • Trump fraud trial happened in New York. 
  • Kosovo called for Serbian troops to withdraw from the border. 
  • Five Republicans and entire Democrats voted McCarthy out.
  • Russian attack on a shop in eastern Ukraine kills 48. 
  • Hamas made a surprise attack on Israel on October 7th.
  • Israel declares 'state of war' against Palestine after Hamas launches surprise attack.
  • Egyptian officials said that intelligence was shared with Israel which was ignored. 
  • 'Stay close to safety shelters,' MEA advises Indians in Israel amid 'war' with Hamas and started Operation Ajay. 
  • A massive earthquake rocked Afghanistan with over 5,000 dead. 
  • Over 22 Americans died in Israel. Few Hostages rescued. 
  • Russia-China called for a ceasefire in the fighting, 
  • Israel orders 'siege' of Gaza, starts air and ground attacks.
  • Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman says 'Saudi stands by Palestinians'
  • Governor Newsom defeats Californian Caste Discrimination Bill.
  • Australian reporter Cheng Lei was released from China after three years of detention over espionage charges. 
  • Israel bombs Syrian airports in Damascus and Aleppo. 
  • Plane With US Arms Reaches Israel. 
  • US cities beef up security for pro-Israel, pro-Palestine protests. 
  • Thai deaths in the Hamas massacre spotlight poor agricultural workers from Asia who toil in Israel’s fields.
  • US intelligence suggests Iran was surprised by the Hamas attack on Israel.
  • The first flight under Operation Ajay carrying 212 Indians from Israel lands in Delhi.
  • Sec. Anthony Blinken visits Israel, and pledges support. 
  • 6,000 bombs weighing 4,000 tonnes dropped by Israel in Gaza so far; 3,600 Hamas targets attacked.
  • UN staffers killed in Gaza as the organization calls for emergency funding. 
  • Israeli Military used White Phosphorous- A banned chemical weapon in Gaza. 
  • Israeli military informed the U.N. that all 1.1 million northern Gaza residents should evacuate south within 24 hours
  • Israeli troops have carried out local raids over the past day in the Gaza Strip, the Israel Defense Forces.
  • Teacher Killed, Two Injured in France School Stabbing on Global ‘Day of Jihad’.
  • India supports the establishment of the independent state of Palestine: Foreign Ministry. 
  • Trump endorsed Hezbollah gets, flak from Israel.
  • Australians voted No in a referendum that promised change for First Nations people but couldn’t deliver.
  • USS Eisenhower will join the USS Ford off-coast Israel. 
  • Israeli citizens call for the resignation of PM Netanyahu.
  • Top Hamas Man Behind Infiltration Attack Killed as per Israel. 
  • MSNBC suspends Muslim anchors amid Israeli war in Gaza. 
  • Statue of Equality of B R Ambedkar inaugurated in the US. 
  • Afghanistan hit by 6.4 magnitude earthquake - its third in a week. 
  • A Boy killed in an anti-Muslim knife attack, say US police
  • The largest temple opened in New Jersey, US. 
  • Centrist coalition under Donald Tusk wins in Poland. 
  • South Africa's Ramaphosa slams ‘Israeli occupation’.
  • India Dubs Hamas Strikes On Israel As 'Terror' Attacks But Reaffirms Long-Held Position Of Sovereign Palestine. 
  • Israeli PM denies reports of 'ceasefire' amid re-opening of Gaza-Egypt border. 
  • Iran claims Hamas is willing to release hostages if Israel ends airstrikes on Gaza.
  • The new PM of New Zealand is Christopher Luxon. 
  • Israel acting 'beyond scope of self-defence', says China. 
  • Biden postpones trip to Colorado, does surprise Israel trip.
  • Massive Gaza Hospital attacks turn the tide in the Middle East. 
  • Gaza Health Ministry says 500 killed in Israeli airstrike on hospital. Israel and the US DoD deny the Israeli role in the same. 
  • Donald Trump gets gag order in election meddling case.
  • Brussels shooting: Two Swedes killed in terror attack; Football match postponed. 
  • Putin in China met Xi and called the end to discuss the Israel-Hamas war. But nothing on Ukraine.
  • Indians can now visit Thailand without a visa for the next six months. 
  • Jim Jordan fails to win House speakership. 
  • Palestinians' Abbas cancels planned Biden meeting after Gaza hospital strike. 
  • Ukraine’s special forces use daring raids and distraction tactics in a bid to free Crimea.
  • Biden says humanitarian aid will flow from Egypt to Gaza.  
  • US vetoes UN resolution condemning Hamas' attacks on Israel and all violence against civilians. 
  • US promises $100M to Gaza and the rest of Palestine as aid. 
  • Hezbollah drones attacked two US military bases in Syria hours after Biden's departure from Israel. 
  • United Nations officials are warning that millions of Palestinians face dehydration and are at risk of waterborne disease in an escalating water crisis as Israel continues to withhold essential supplies. 
  • Both Hamas and Vladimir Putin want to annihilate neighbouring democracies: Joe Biden.
  • Donald Trump was fined $5,000 for violating a gag order in a New York fraud trial and warned twice about imprisonment.
  • 17 aid trucks enter Gaza as per WFP director Cindy McCain. 
  • Cohen says he was tasked to 'reverse engineer' asset values. 
  • China removes Defense Minister Li Shangfu after a two-month disappearance. 
  • Chinese Ex-Premier Li Keqiang passed away. 
  • Canada recalls 41 diplomats from India. 
  • UN Day Commemorated. 
  • Iceland PM joins women’s strike: Why the ‘world’s most gender-equal country’ is protesting inequality. 
  • Qatar is in talks with Hamas to release the hostages. 
  • Massive shooting kills 18 in the US state of Maine. 
  • Putin’s troops are forced to regroup as they suffer losses in Ukraine. 
  • ‘Everything is destroyed’: Civilians trickle out of Avdiivka as Russian assault leaves Ukrainian town in ruins. 
  • US airstrikes Iranian proxies in Syria. 
  • A suicide drone likely launched by an Iran-backed group was downed near a US base. 
  • BRI summit held in Beijing. 
  • IDF announces expansion of ground operation in Gaza after heavy round of airstrikes. 
  • India unlikely to join global cooling pledge at COP28: Report. 
  • Actor Michael Perry Passed away in Los Angeles. 
  • Trump pledges to reimpose Muslim ‘travel ban’ at Jewish gathering if he gets elected as US president again.
  • Bhutan decides to settle its disputes with China. 
  • Donald Trump calls voter fraud 2020 elections in Las Vegas speech.
  • Mike Pence drops out of US Presidential race in GOP.
  • Mike Johnson, a Trump-backed Congressman is the new speaker of the House of Representatives.
    Technology


    • Kochi-Vizhinjam tracks to be doubled for better connectivity. 
    • Kerala to issue new RC books. 
    • Fake GPS signals sent 20 aircraft off course in Iranian airspace. 
    • Two new debit card, credit card rules applicable from October 1, 2023 
    • Karnataka to fine Rs 10000 for carpooling. 
    • Astronomers captured the first direct evidence of black hole spinning.
    • IBM to make Kochi Centre its primary hub in India.
    • Kerala CM Flags Vizhinjam port Ship.
    • India proposes barring pilots and flight attendants from using perfume. 
    • Air India Kochi-Gatwick Flight Cancelled Due to Technical Glitch. 
    • IBM India to upgrade Kochi software lab
    • Microsoft closed $69 billion Activision Blizzard deal.
    • IAF to induct Astra-missiles by end-2023.
    • Google produces its Chromebook laptops in India.
    • KTU to revise B Tech curriculum, focus on skill-based education.
    • KSEB to reinstate former contracts to avert power shortage. 
    • Vandebharat Sleeping Trains to be introduced. 
    • Finland-Estonia pipeline damaged. 
    • The Supreme Audit Institutions G20 conference emphasised the need for a common international audit framework relating to AI.
    • Bengaluru Metro's full Purple Line opened on Oct 9.
    • Solar Mission Aditya L1 corrects trajectory as it moves closer to the Sun.
    • Regular trains in Kerala witness increased travel durations due to Vandebharat.
    • KSEB to set up new 800 MW hydroelectric power plant in Idukki. 
    • Apple CEO Tim Cook does surprise trip to China.
    • Thiruvananthapuram Airport Closure on October 23: Flights at Kerala Airport to Be Suspended for Five Hours due to Padmanabhaswamy Temple. 
    • Aim for Indian space station by 2035, Indian on Moon by 2040: PM Modi to scientists. 
    • Manorama Conclave held in Kochi. Union Minister Smriti Irani inaugurated Manorama News Conclave
    • Kerala cabinet gives nod to IT Park in Kannur, Rs 285 cr for edu complex in Pinarayi. 
    • Frequent disruptions and lack of 3rd vessel hit Ro-Ro ops. 
    • PM Modi Flags Off Country's First RapidX Train - Namo Bharat.
    • Kerala CM inaugurates International Students Summit in Thiruvananthapuram. 
    • Severe drought grips the Amazon rainforest. 
    • ISRO Launches First Developmental Test Flight To Demonstrate Performance Of Crew Escape System. 
    • IIM Kozhikode to set up a new campus in Kochi. 
    • NCERT panel recommends replacing 'India' with 'Bharat' in school textbooks. 
    • India’s new national EV charging standard for bikes and scooters. 
    • Kochi Metro Rail has Become the Next Best Destination to do Pre/Post-Wedding Shoots. 
    • Drunk driving, scooter stunt: MVD to suspend Kozhikode man’s license. 
    • Elon Musk deploys Starlink in Gaza for internet access to Aid agencies. 
    • Kochi Water Metro won the award for Best Green Transport Initiative. 
    • From malaria research to clean water — Subra Suresh & Ashok Gadgil won the top science award.
    • Indians can now visit Thailand without a visa for the next six months. 
    Nobel Prize 2023
    • Scientists whose work enabled mRNA Covid vaccine win Nobel prize for medicine.
    • Nobel Prize In Physics 2023: Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Kraus And Anne L'Huillier Win the Nobel For the Study Of Electron Dynamics.
    • Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded for the discovery of quantum dots.
    • Iranian Woman Nargees Muhammed receives Nobel Peace Prize. 
    • X Introduces Video and Audio Calling Features a step-by-step Guide on How to Use It. 
    • Claudia Goldin Wins 2023 Economics Nobel Prize for Work on Women's Labour Market Outcomes. 


    Business and Finance

    • No pay hikes for Accenture employees in India, Sri Lanka; firm blames macro environment.
    • Credit card bad debt doubles to 18% for state-run banks: RBI Financial Stability Report
    • Two new debit card, credit card rules applicable from October 1, 2023 
    • Surging crude may take CAD past 2% of GDP for India. 
    • World Bank decreases growth forecast for East Asia. 
    • Karuvannur Bank Fraud grabs headlines in the state.
    • The first ship arrives in Vizhinjam. It received a massive welcome in the state. 
    • Employment and consumer sentiments vary with caste and religion in India says research. 
    • Donald Trump is out of the Forbes 400 America list. 
    • Kerala seeks refund of money spent on NH development or remove curbs on borrowings.
    • Ranbir Kapoor Summoned By ED In Mahadev App Case. 
    • Global Hunger Index 2023: India slips four more ranks, lands at 111 out of 125 countries.
    • RBI holds the repo rate at 6.5%, and the inflation focus continues; the FY24 GDP forecast is unchanged at 6.5%.
    • RBI asks Bank of Baroda to suspend new customer onboarding on its mobile app. 
    • China’s young people are quitting their jobs and throwing ‘resignation parties’. 
    • Rs 2,000 Note Exchange: Bank Deadline Ends. 
    • The US-Qatar freezes $6 B funds were part of a prisoner swap to free five American citizens.
    • US President Biden approves emergency military aid package to Israel worth $8 billion.
    • China has assisted Sri Lanka over debt worth $4.2 billion.
    • Akshay Kumar Joins Shah Rukh Khan And Ajay Devgn For Another Vimal Ad After Backlash, 
    • LuLuFin opens 4 forex counters at Cochin International Airport. 
    • A tentative agreement last week ended a nearly 150-day strike.
    • Ram Mandir Trust receives Rs 500 from overseas. Expect Rs 3000 more as per the Trust. 
    • CIAL declares 35% profit. 
    • Microsoft closed a $69 billion Activision Blizzard deal.
    • TCS to hire 40,000 campus recruits in FY24: Company COO confirms.
    •  4% DA hike approved for Indian government employees from 7th Pay commission. 
    • UNC announces hike in JRF for research scholars. 
    • AirAsia chief Tony Fernandes was criticized after posting a shirtless massage photo on LinkedIn.
    • Ajay Goel quits Byjus and re-joins Vedanta as CFO. 
    • The price of Onion shoots up in India. India imposes an export ban. 
    • World Bank Signs Agreement to Provide Additional Funds for Post-Disaster Recovery in State of Uttarakhand. 

    Sports 
    • Inaugural ICC Cricket World Cup match sees empty stand, invites protests. 
    • India defeated all teams played till now in the World Cup. 
    • Mohammad Rizwan and Abdullah Shafique guided Pakistan to highest successful run chase in World Cup history.
    • South Africa scored 400 runs, the highest-ever World Cup total. 
    • CWC 2023: Goa CM Posts Video Of Thousands Of Fans Chanting 'Jai Shri Ram' In Ahmedabad Stadium goes viral.
    • Team England faces five consecutive losses for the first time in History. 
    • Lionel Messi won the Ballon d'Or for the eighth time. 
    • Prime Minister Modi Says India Will Bid for 2036 Olympics. 
    • IOC Votes to Include T20 Cricket at 2028 Los Angeles Olympics. 
    • The Netherlands upset South Africa. 
    • Rohit Sharma issued three traffic challans for speeding on the Mumbai-Pune Expressway. 
    • Sachin Tendulkar to flag off Kochi Spice Coast Marathon on Sunday. 
    • Beloved Sri Lankan Cricket Super Fan 'Uncle Percy' Passes Away Aged 87. 
    • ED summons CM Arvind Kejriwal for questioning in Delhi liquor policy case. 
    Hangzhou Asian Games 2022


    • Amid Opposition criticism, Kerala govt announces cash prizes for 2022 Asian Games medallists.
    • India held a record of 107 medals in the Asiad. 
    • Indian para-athletes create history, bag 111 medals in Hangzhou Asian Para Games. 

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